From March 27-29, 2021, a large-scale and prolonged dust pollution event occurred in the north of China. This study analyzed the optical properties, vertical distribution, and transport patterns of dust aerosols using data from MODIS and ground-based lidar (AMPLE-001), combined with the HYSPLIT model. Additionally, hourly data from the China Environmental Monitoring Station and aerosol optical depth (AOD) data from MCD19A2 and AERONET were used to verify the accuracy of the ground-based lidar measurements. The key findings are as follows: ① The dust was primarily transported at an altitude of 4 km over the northern Gobi Desert, and mixed with local pollutants and then settled. ② During the dust event, particulate matter concentrations surged dramatically. PM₁₀ concentrations peaked at over 2 492.65 μg/m³, while PM_2.5 reached a maximum of 236.48 μg/m³. The highest recorded AOD was 4.1, with dust pollution being most severe in the southern and eastern parts of Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei. ③ In terms of accuracy validation, comparisons between AOD values from sun photometers and lidar showed a strong correlation, with a correlation coefficient of 95.63%. Similarly, the PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 data from ground-based lidar were highly consistent with official monitoring data, with correlation coefficients of 85.93% and 98.47%, respectively. These results validate the detection capability and accuracy of the AMPLE-001 ground-based lidar system.