In response to the development trend of on-board routing devices, namely the improvement of interaction rate, bandwidth increase, and lightweight design, this paper proposes a design scheme for on-board high-speed switching algorithm based on improved polling. This scheme adopts a two-level queue scheduling algorithm based on the combination of the improved RR (Round Robin) polling scheduling algorithm and PBPW (Priority-based Bandwidth Privilege with Weighting) algorithm. In the first level scheduling, priority polling scheduling is introduced to ensure that high priority data frames can be forwarded first. A cache sharing mechanism is opened to avoid congestion and resource waste to a certain extent. In the second level scheduling, thresholds are assigned to each link to avoid certain links from being unable to receive service due to hunger, while also preventing congestion issues in other links. Compared with traditional simple queue scheduling algorithms based on FIFO (First In First Out), this improved polling scheduling mechanism significantly improves the forwarding rate of on-board routers and reduces forwarding latency. In addition, priority forwarding of high priority data frames has been achieved through polling, further optimizing the performance of the router.