This paper presents the design and implementation of a multi-bus interface data recording device with high overload resistance, specifically developed to meet the data recording demands of aircraft operating in high-impact and high-overload environments. The device is centered around a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and integrates three communication interfaces: 1553B bus, Ethernet, and RS422, ensuring accurate and reliable signal acquisition across various data transmission rates. The application of key technologies such as multi-layer energy absorption structure design, encapsulation protection technology, miniaturized circuit design, and efficient storage modules significantly enhances the system's overload resistance and overall stability. Testing and verification have demonstrated that this device can operate stably in extreme overload environments, ensuring data integrity and system reliability.