Common-view time transfer involves exchanging the common-view data of two locations to complete long-distance and high-precision time comparison. This paper proposes a method for compressing and transmitting common-view data based on Beidou short message for areas without ground communication network. The method compresses the common-view data and uses the short message function of Beidou to transmit the compressed data in real time. A comparison test has been conducted in an area without a ground communication network. The test results demonstrate that the common-view data compression method designed in this paper has a significant compression effect and can achieve real-time common-view time transfer without a ground network through Beidou short message.