Based on the Hopkinson bar shock test system, the cylindrical projectile is used to hit the elastic long pole. It’s convenient for the controlling of the system to design the single-chip computer control box and the upper computer software. The strain gauge is used to collect the stress wave pulse signal in the elastic long rod. The software is written to complete the test and calibration of the sensor in LabVIEW and Matlab environment, which is used to calculate the sensitivity parameters and frequency response curve calculation of the sensor. The quasi-static performance and dynamic performance of the acceleration sensor should be calibrated to ensure the normal using of the sensor in practice. After experimental verification, the shock calibration system with narrow pulse width signal for MEMS sensor basically meet the design requirements, which have good running condition and available test results, mean sensitivity is 0.657 548 μV/g, uncertainty of measurement is within 4%. The amplitude linearity bias is less than ±5%, and working band is 12.5 kHz. This paper provides a certain reference significance and function for the measurement and calibration of high-impact MEMS acceleration sensors.