A novel fast-responding sensor for heat flux and temperature measurement is fabricated and applied to heat flux calibration, surface temperature measurement and arc-heated wind tunnel tests, which aims at measuring surface temperature and heat flux simultaneously in hypersonic vehicle long-time tests. Three pressed silver blazing technologies are explored and compared using an optic microscopy instrument. As a result, smoother and thinner weld shape, less pores are achieved using the high-purity silver blazing without the use of fluxes. Heat flux calibration test indicates that the 98% response time is about 0.35s for the water-cooled sensor, and about 0.33s for the heat sink sensor, and deviation between the calibrated sensor and the standard one are not more than 6% in the range of 0.42MW/m2 ~2.11MW/m2 . Furthermore, temperature comparison test results show that measured temperature and heat flux have linear correlativity, which reflects the effects of surface temperature on aero-heating. Finally, arc-heated wind tunnel test verifies the application potential of the sensor in long-time thermal protection system tests.