With the continuous development of aerospace technology, the demand for fine design of high-thrust launch vehicles and other related equipment is increasing. The aircraft structure and flow field state perception under high temperature working condition have become critical in current research. Fiber optic sensor based on Fabry-Perot cavity, which is regarded as the next generation measuring tool of high temperature in situation measurement, gradually shows the superiority in special environments such as high-temperature, high-pressure and narrow space. The basic structure and principle of Fabry-Perot sensor are introduced, as well as describes its recent progress and future development trends from the measurements of temperature, strain and pressure. The Fabry-Perot sensor based on silica fiber can be applied below 1000 °C, for environments more than 1000 °C, sapphire fiber is needed as the sensing element and light-transmission medium.